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Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
论文
论文
发布时间2020-05-28
发表NeurIPS 2020 12 · arXiv:2005.14165
作者:Prafulla Dhariwal,Alec Radford,Rewon Child,Ilya Sutskever,Arvind Neelakantan,Dario Amodei,Scott Gray,Jack Clark,Amanda Askell,Ariel Herbert-Voss,Gretchen Krueger,Daniel M. Ziegler,Jeffrey Wu,Tom B. Brown,Jared Kaplan,Sam McCandlish,Tom Henighan,Benjamin Chess,Benjamin Mann,Nick Ryder,Melanie Subbiah,Pranav Shyam,Girish Sastry,Sandhini Agarwal,Aditya Ramesh,Clemens Winter,Christopher Hesse,Mark Chen,Eric Sigler,Mateusz Litwin,Christopher Berner
详细介绍
Recent work has demonstrated substantial gains on many NLP tasks and benchmarks by pre-training on a large corpus of text followed by fine-tuning on a specific task. While typically task-agnostic in architecture, this method still requires task-specific fine-tuning datasets of thousands or tens of thousands of examples. By contrast, humans can generally perform a new language task from only a few examples or from simple instructions - something which current NLP systems still largely struggle to do. Here we show that scaling up language models greatly improves task-agnostic, few-shot performance, sometimes even reaching competitiveness with prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Specifically, we train GPT-3, an autoregressive language model with 175 billion parameters, 10x more than any previous non-sparse language model, and test its performance in the few-shot setting. For all tasks, GPT-3 is applied without any gradient updates or fine-tuning, with tasks and few-shot demonstrations specified purely via text interaction with the model. GPT-3 achieves strong performance on many NLP datasets, including translation, question-answering, and cloze tasks, as well as several tasks that require on-the-fly reasoning or domain adaptation, such as unscrambling words, using a novel word in a sentence, or performing 3-digit arithmetic. At the same time, we also identify some datasets where GPT-3's few-shot learning still struggles, as well as some datasets where GPT-3 faces methodological issues related to training on large web corpora. Finally, we find that GPT-3 can generate samples of news articles which human evaluators have difficulty distinguishing from articles written by humans. We discuss broader societal impacts of this finding and of GPT-3 in general.
代码仓库 (61)
openai/gpt-3官方
asahi417/relbert官方PyTorch
haiyang-w/git官方PyTorch
scrayish/ML_NLPPyTorch
EleutherAI/lm_evaluation_harnessJAX
mindspore-ai/models/tree/master/official/nlp/gptMindSpore
nlx-group/overlapy
ltruncel/Microsoft_Azure_50daysofudacityTensorFlow
shreyashankar/gpt3-sandbox
bigscience-workshop/promptsource
