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Answering real-world clinical questions using large language model based systems
论文
论文
发布时间2024-06-29
发表arXiv:2407.00541
作者:Nigam H. Shah,Yen Sia Low,Michael L. Jackson,Rebecca J. Hyde,Robert E. Brown,Neil M. Sanghavi,Julian D. Baldwin,C. William Pike,Jananee Muralidharan,Gavin Hui,Natasha Alexander,Hadeel Hassan,Rahul V. Nene,Morgan Pike,Courtney J. Pokrzywa,Shivam Vedak,Adam Paul Yan,Dong-han Yao,Amy R. Zipursky,Christina Dinh,Philip Ballentine,Dan C. Derieg,Vladimir Polony,Rehan N. Chawdry,Jordan Davies,Brigham B. Hyde,Saurabh Gombar
详细介绍
Evidence to guide healthcare decisions is often limited by a lack of relevant and trustworthy literature as well as difficulty in contextualizing existing research for a specific patient. Large language models (LLMs) could potentially address both challenges by either summarizing published literature or generating new studies based on real-world data (RWD). We evaluated the ability of five LLM-based systems in answering 50 clinical questions and had nine independent physicians review the responses for relevance, reliability, and actionability. As it stands, general-purpose LLMs (ChatGPT-4, Claude 3 Opus, Gemini Pro 1.5) rarely produced answers that were deemed relevant and evidence-based (2% - 10%). In contrast, retrieval augmented generation (RAG)-based and agentic LLM systems produced relevant and evidence-based answers for 24% (OpenEvidence) to 58% (ChatRWD) of questions. Only the agentic ChatRWD was able to answer novel questions compared to other LLMs (65% vs. 0-9%). These results suggest that while general-purpose LLMs should not be used as-is, a purpose-built system for evidence summarization based on RAG and one for generating novel evidence working synergistically would improve availability of pertinent evidence for patient care.
